WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS 2012 WHO, 2012, 178 pages

http://www.who.int/gho/publications/world_health_statistics/EN_WHS2012_Full.pdf

В серии ежегодных изданий "Мировая статистика здравоохранения" приводится подборка данных, связанных со здравоохранением по 194 государств-членов ВОЗ, а также кратко характеризуется прогресс в достижении связанных со здравоохранением Целей развития тысячелетия (ЦРТ) и решении соответствующих задач.

В 2012 году ежегодник также включает в себя резюме по неинфекционным заболеваниям, всеобщему охвату здравоохранением и охвату регистрации событий естественного движения населения.

Как и в предыдущих выпусках, содержащиеся в издании "Мировая статистика здравоохранения, 2012 год" данные взяты из публикаций и баз данных, подготовленных и обслуживаемых техническими программами и региональными бюро ВОЗ. Показатели отбирались с учетом их значимости для глобального здравоохранения, наличия и качества данных, а также достоверности и сопоставимости сделанных на их основе оценок.

Взятые вместе, эти показатели дают исчерпывающую информацию о текущем статусе национального здоровья и системах здравоохранения в следующих десяти областях: продолжительность жизни и смертность, причины смертности и заболеваемости, отобранные причины инфекционных болезней, медицинское обслуживание, факторы риска, трудовые ресурсы здравоохранения, инфраструктура и основные лекарственные средства, расходы на здравоохранение, несправедливость в отношении здоровья, демографическая и социально-экономическая статистика, информационные системы здравоохранения и доступности данных.
Приводимые в данном издании оценки получены из различных источников с учетом особенностей каждого показателя и наличия и качества данных. Во многих странах системы статистической и медико-санитарной информации развиты слабо, а исходные эмпирические данные могут отсутствовать или их качество может быть низким. Были приложены все усилия в целях оптимального использования представляемых странами данных, которые при необходимости корректировались для восполнения отсутствующих значений, исправления известных систематических ошибок и обеспечения максимальной сопоставимости статистических данных между странами и в динамике по времени. Кроме того, для восполнения отсутствующих данных использовались статистические методы и моделирование.

Пользователям необходимо знать, что, несмотря на все усилия, предпринятые в целях обеспечения максимальной сопоставимости статистических данных между странами и в динамике по времени, данные по странам могут различаться с точки зрения используемых определений, методов сбора данных, охвата населения и методик оценки.

Table of Contents

Abbreviations

Introduction

Part I. Health-related Millennium Development Goals
Summary of status and trends
Regional and country charts

1. AARD (%) in under-five mortality rate, 1990-2010
2. Measles immunization coverage among 1-year-olds (%)
3. AARD (%) in maternal mortality ratio, 1990-2010
4. Births attended by skilled health personnel (%)
5. Antenatal care coverage (%): at least one visit and at least four visits
6. Unmet need for family planning (%)
7. AARD (%) in HIV prevalence, 2000-2009
8. Antiretroviral therapy coverage among people with advanced HIV infection (%)
9. Children aged <5 years sleeping under insecticide-treated nets (%)
10. Children aged <5 years with fever who received treatment with any antimalarial (%)
11. AARD (%) in incidence of tuberculosis, 2000-2010
12. AARD (%) in proportion of population without access to improved drinking-water sources
13. AARD (%) in proportion of population without access to improved sanitation

Part II. Highlighted topics 33
Noncommunicable diseases: a major health challenge of the 21st century
Health expenditures and universal coverage
Civil registration and vital statistics systems

Part III. Global health indicators
General notes

1. Life expectancy and mortality

Life expectancy at birth (years)
Life expectancy at age 60 (years)
Stillbirth rate (per 1000 total births)
Neonatal mortality rate (per 1000 live births)
Infant mortality rate (probability of dying by age 1 per 1000 live births)
Under-five mortality rate (probability of dying by age 5 per 1000 live births)
Adult mortality rate (probability of dying between 15 and 60 years of age per 1000 population)

2. Cause-specific mortality and morbidity

Mortality
Age-standardized mortality rates by cause (per 100 000 population)
Number of deaths among children aged <5 years (000s)
Distribution of causes of death among children aged <5 years (%)
Age-standardized adult mortality rate by cause (ages 30-70 per 100 000 population)
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100 000 live births)
Cause-specific mortality rate (per 100 000 population)
Morbidity
Incidence rate (per 100 000 population per year)
Prevalence (per 100 000 population)

3. Selected infectious diseases

Cholera
Diphtheria
H5N1 influenza
Japanese encephalitis
Leprosy
Malaria
Measles
Meningitis
Mumps
Pertussis
Plague
Poliomyelitis
Congenital rubella syndrome
Rubella
Neonatal tetanus
Total tetanus
Tuberculosis
Yellow fever

4. Health service coverage

Unmet need for family planning (%)
Contraceptive prevalence (%)
Antenatal care coverage (%)
Births attended by skilled health personnel (%)
Births by caesarean section (%)
Postnatal care visit within two days of childbirth (%)
Neonates protected at birth against neonatal tetanus (%)
Immunization coverage among 1-year-olds (%)
Children aged 6-59 months who received vitamin A supplementation (%)
Children aged <5 years with ARI symptoms taken to a health facility (%)
Children aged <5 years with ARI symptoms receiving antibiotics (%)
Children aged <5 years with diarrhoea receiving ORT (ORS and/or RHF) (%)
Children aged <5 years sleeping under insecticide-treated nets (%)
Children aged <5 years with fever who received treatment with any antimalarial (%)
Pregnant women with HIV receiving antiretrovirals to prevent MTCT (%)
Antiretroviral therapy coverage among people with advanced HIV infection (%)
Case-detection rate for all forms of tuberculosis (%)
Treatment-success rate for smear-positive tuberculosis (%)

5. Risk factors

Population using improved drinking-water sources (%)
Population using improved sanitation (%)
Population using solid fuels (%)
Low-birth-weight newborns (%)
Infants exclusively breastfed for the first 6 months of life (%)
Children aged <5 years who are stunted (%)
Children aged <5 years who are underweight (%)
Children aged <5 years who are overweight (%)
Prevalence of raised fasting blood glucose among adults aged ?25 years (%)
Prevalence of raised blood pressure among adults aged ?25 years (%)
Adults aged 20 years who are obese (%)
Alcohol consumption among adults aged ?15 years (litres of pure alcohol per person per year)
Prevalence of smoking any tobacco product among adults aged ?15 years (%)
Prevalence of current tobacco use among adolescents aged 13-15 years (%)
Prevalence of condom use by adults aged 15-49 years during higher-risk sex (%)
Population aged 15-24 years with comprehensive correct knowledge of HIV/AIDS (%)

6. Health workforce, infrastructure and essential medicines

Health workforce
Number of physicians, and density per 10 000 population
Number of nursing and midwifery personnel, and density per 10 000 population
Number of dentistry personnel, and density per 10 000 population
Number of pharmaceutical personnel, and density per 10 000 population
Number of environmental and public health workers, and density per 10 000 population
Number of community health workers, and density per 10 000 population
Number of psychiatrists, and density per 10 000 population
Infrastructure
Hospital beds (per 10 000 population)
Psychiatric beds (per 10 000 population)
Computed tomography units (per million population)
Essential medicines
Median availability of selected generic medicines in public and private sectors (%)
Median consumer price ratio of selected generic medicines in public and private sectors

7. Health expenditure

Health expenditure ratios
Total expenditure on health as a percentage of gross domestic product
General government expenditure on health as a percentage of total expenditure on health
Private expenditure on health as a percentage of total expenditure on health
General government expenditure on health as a percentage of total government expenditure
External resources for health as a percentage of total expenditure on health
Social security expenditure on health as a percentage of general government expenditure on health
Out-of-pocket expenditure as a percentage of private expenditure on health
Private prepaid plans as a percentage of private expenditure on health
Per capita health expenditures
Per capita total expenditure on health at average exchange rate (US$)
Per capita total expenditure on health (PPP int. $)
Per capita government expenditure on health at average exchange rate (US$)
Per capita government expenditure on health (PPP int. $)

8. Health inequities

Contraceptive prevalence (%)
Antenatal care coverage: at least four visits (%)
Births attended by skilled health personnel (%)
DTP3 immunization coverage among 1-year-olds (%)
Children aged <5 years who are stunted (%)
Under-five mortality rate (probability of dying by age 5 per 1000 live births)

9. Demographic and socioeconomic statistics

Total population (000s)
Median age of population (years)
Population aged <15 years (%)
Population aged >60 years (%)
Annual population growth rate (%)
Population living in urban areas (%)
Crude birth rate (per 1000 population)
Crude death rate (per 1000 population)
Total fertility rate (per woman)
Adolescent fertility rate (per 1000 girls aged 15-19 years)
Literacy rate among adults aged ?15 years (%)
Net primary school enrolment rate (%)
Gross national income per capita (PPP int. $)
Population living on <$1 (PPP int. $) a day (%)
Cellular phone subscribers (per 100 population)

10. Health information systems and data availability

Most recent census (year)
Civil registration coverage of births (%)
Cause-of-death registration - availability and coverage (%) in most recent year reported
Number of national population surveys of child anthropometry, child and maternal mortality,
HIV prevalence and adult health

Annex 1. Regional and income groupings

WHO regional groupings
Income groupings