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HEALTH IN PRISONS
A WHO guide to the essentials in prison health
Edited by Lars Møller, Heino Stöver,
Ralf Jürgens, Alex Gatherer and Haik Nikogosian
2007, WHO, 198 pages
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http://www.euro.who.int/document/e90174.pdf?language=Russian
На основе опыта многих стран Европейского региона ВОЗ
и рекомендаций экспертов в данном руководстве дается описание тех
мер, которые пенитенциарная система должна принять для того, чтобы:
уменьшить ту опасность для общественного здоровья, которая связана
с содержанием заключенных в зачастую неблагоприятных для здоровья
условиях; оказывать заключенным необходимую медицинскую помощь;
содействовать укреплению здоровья как заключенных, так и персонала
пенитенциарной системы. Это означает, что каждый человек, работающий
в исправительных учреждениях, должен понимать то влияние, которое
пребывание в заключении оказывает на здоровье людей, какие меры
и условия необходимы для сохранения и укрепления здоровья заключенных
и какие медицинские услуги, основанные на принципах доказательной
медицины, могут быть оказаны всем заключенным, нуждающимся в лечебно-профилактической
помощи и уходе. Другие важнейшие аспекты охраны здоровья заключенных
включают следующее: осведомленность о международно рекомендуемых
стандартах охраны здоровья в тюрьмах и их принятие; оказание медицинской
помощи с соблюдением тех же принципов медицинской этики, что и в
других службах здравоохранения; а также - в дополнение к удовлетворению
индивидуальных потребностей в медицинской помощи, являющемуся центральным
элементом охраны здоровья в учреждениях пенитенциарной системы,
содействие развитию комплексных подходов к совершенствованию системы
охраны здоровья в масштабах всего исправительного учреждения и принятие
мер для улучшения здоровья и благополучия всех заключенных.
Contents
Foreword
Preface
Contributors
Definitions
1. Introduction
Who this guide is for
How to use this guide
The essentials and important first steps
Political leadership
Management leadership
Leadership by each member of the staff
The special leadership role of health personnel
Partnerships for health: (1) the role of prisoners
Partnerships for health: (2) community support
References
2. Standards in prison health: the prisoner as a patient - Andrew
Coyle
The basic principles
The relationship between the prisoner and health care staff
The organization of prison health care
European Prison Rules
Conclusion
References
Further reading
3. Protecting and promoting health in prisons: a settings approach
- Paul Hayton
Introduction
Major problems that need to be addressed
The whole-prison or settings approach and a vision for a health-promoting
prison
References
Further reading
4. Primary health care in prisons - Andrew Fraser
Introduction
The components of primary care
The journey of primary care
Prison health care resources
Common problems encountered in primary care practice in prisons
Building blocks for primary care in prison
Measuring performance in health care
Conclusion
References
Further reading
5. Prison-specific ethical and clinical problems - Jean-Pierre
Restellini
Introduction
Health care staff in prison
Disciplinary measures
Physical restraint
Intimate body searches
Prisoners who stop eating or go on hunger strikes
Torture and inhumane or degrading treatment
Conclusions
Reference
Further reading
6. Communicable diseases - Dumitru Laticevschi
Introduction
Bloodborne diseases
Tuberculosis
Sexually transmitted infections
Skin conditions
Infectious diseases of the digestive tract
Reference
Further reading
7. HIV infection and human rights in prisons - Rick Lines
Setting the context: HIV-related stigma and discrimination in
prisons
Confidentiality in prison
HIV testing and pretest and post-test counselling
Coercive approaches are counterproductive
Addressing concerns about trust and confidentiality: working with
nongovernmental organizations, people living with HIV, peers and
professionals outside the prison system
Compassionate or early release
Conclusion
References
Further reading
8. Tuberculosis control in prisons - Jaap Veen
Introduction
What is tuberculosis?
What can be done to reduce the risk of transmission of tuberculosis?
How to manage tuberculosis cases
Treatment
How should tuberculosis services in the penitentiary system be
organized?
Conclusion
References
Further reading
9. Drug use and drug services in prisons - Heino Stover and
Caren Weilandt
Drug use and the consequences for prisoners, prisons and prison
health care
Definition of a drug user
Nature and prevalence of drug use and related risks in prisons
Prevention, treatment, harm reduction and aftercare
Organization and practice of health care, treatment and assistance
Assessment of drug problems and related infectious diseases
Preventing drug use
Detoxification
Drug-free units
Contract treatment units and drug-free units
Abstinence-oriented treatment and therapeutic communities in prison
Substitution treatment
Counselling and peer support
Harm reduction programmes
Involvement of community services
Vocational training
References
Further reading
10. Substitution treatment in prisons - Andrej Kastelic
Introduction
What is substitution treatment?
The main goals of substitution treatment
Evidence of the benefits of substitution treatment
Effective treatment
Criteria for treatment and treatment plan
Risks and limitations
Substitution agents
Some basic information about treatment
The link with treatment for HIV infection
Special considerations for women
Future perspectives
References
Further reading
11. Mental health in prisons - Eric Blaauw and Hjalmar J.C.
van Marle
Mental health and mental illness in prisons
Mental harm reduction and mental health promotion
Levels of care
Basic circumstances
Staff training
Conclusion
Mental health promotion in prisons: a checklist
References
12. Dental health in prisons - Amit Bose and Tony Jenner
Introduction
Dental health needs in prisons
Challenges in providing dental care to prisoners
Oral health promotion
Organization of prison dental services
Models of good practice
Conclusion
Further reading
13. Special health requirements for female prisoners - Jan Palmer
Introduction
Mental health problems
Suicidal behaviour in prisons
Substance use
Pregnancy
Children
Sexually transmitted infections
Bloodborne viruses
Violence
General health issues
References
Further reading
14. Promoting health and managing stress among prison employees
- Heiner Bogemann
Introduction
Research on the health of prison employees
Risk factors and stress among prison employees
Frequent psychosocial risk factors in prisons
Promoting and developing employees with health in mind
Practical approaches to health promotion: best practices
Comprehensive health promotion for prison employees
Example of a health in prison project with important milestones
Essentials for active health management in prisons
Health promotion self-help networks in prisons
Continuing education
Results and prospects
References
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