http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/112738/1/9789240692671_eng.pdf?ua=1

Доклад «Мировая статистика здравоохранения» публикуется ежегодно с 2005 года и является авторитетным источником информации о здоровье людей в мире. Издание содержит данные из 194 стран по целому ряду показателей, характеризующих смертность, заболеваемость и системы здравоохранения, включая ожидаемую продолжительность жизни, заболеваемость и смертность от основных болезней, медико-санитарные услуги и виды лечения, финансовые инвестиции в здравоохранение, а также факторы риска и формы поведения, оказывающие воздействие на здоровье.

Как и в предыдущих выпусках, содержащиеся в издании "Мировая статистика здравоохранения, 2014 год" данные взяты из публикаций и баз данных, подготовленных и обслуживаемых техническими программами и региональными бюро ВОЗ. Показатели отбирались с учетом их значимости для глобального здравоохранения, наличия и качества данных, а также достоверности и сопоставимости сделанных на их основе оценок.

Взятые вместе, эти показатели дают исчерпывающую информацию о текущем статусе национального здоровья и системах здравоохранения в следующих девяти областях: продолжительность жизни и смертность, причины смерти и заболеваемости, отобранные причины инфекционных болезней, медицинское обслуживание, факторы риска, расходы на здравоохранение, неравенство в отношении здоровья, демографическая и социально-экономическая статистика.

Приводимые в данном издании оценки получены из различных источников с учетом особенностей каждого показателя, наличия и качества данных. Во многих странах системы статистической и медико-санитарной информации развиты слабо, а исходные эмпирические данные могут отсутствовать или их качество может быть низким. Были приложены все усилия в целях оптимального использования представляемых странами данных, которые при необходимости корректировались для восполнения отсутствующих значений, исправления известных систематических ошибок и обеспечения максимальной сопоставимости статистических данных между странами и в динамике по времени. Кроме того, для восполнения отсутствующих данных использовались статистическое моделирование и другие методы.

Пользователям необходимо знать, что, несмотря на все усилия, предпринятые в целях обеспечения максимальной сопоставимости статистических данных между странами и в динамике по времени, данные по странам могут различаться с точки зрения используемых определений, методов сбора данных, охвата населения и методик оценки.

Table of Contents

Abbreviations

Introduction

PART I. HEALTH-RELATED MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS

Summary of status and trends

Regional and country charts

1. AARD (%) in under-fve mortality rate, 1990–2012

2. Measles immunization coverage among 1-year-olds (%)

3. AARD (%) in maternal mortality ratio, 1990–2013

4. Births attended by skilled health personnel (%)

5. Antenatal care coverage (%): at least one visit and at least four visits

6. Unmet need for family planning (%)

7. AARD (%) in HIV prevalence, 2001–2012

8. Antiretroviral therapy coverage among people eligible for treatment (%)

9. Children aged < 5 years sleeping under insecticide-treated nets (%)

10. Children aged < 5 years with fever who received treatment with any antimalarial (%)

11. AARD (%) in tuberculosis mortality rate, 1990–2012

12. AARD (%) in proportion of population without access to improved drinking-water sources

13. AARD (%) in proportion of population without access to improved sanitation

PART II. HIGHLIGHTED TOPICS

Putting an ending to preventable maternal mortality – the next steps

Rising childhood obesity – time to act

Life expectancy in the world in 2012

Years of life lost due to premature mortality – trends and causes

Civil registration and vital statistics – the key to national and global advancement

PART III. GLOBAL HEALTH INDICATORS

General notes

1. Life expectancy and mortality

Life expectancy at birth (years)

Life expectancy at age 60 (years)

Healthy life expectancy at birth (years)

Neonatal mortality rate (per 1000 live births)

Infant mortality rate (probability of dying by age 1 per 1000 live births)

Under-fve mortality rate (probability of dying by age 5 per 1000 live births)

Adult mortality rate (probability of dying between 15 and 60 years of age per 1000 population)

2. Cause-specifc mortality and morbidity

Mortality

Age-standardized mortality rates by cause (per 100 000 population)

Years of life lost (per 100 000 population)

Number of deaths among children aged < 5 years (000s)

Distribution of causes of death among children aged < 5 years (%)

Maternal mortality ratio (per 100 000 live births)

Cause-specifc mortality rate (per 100 000 population)

Morbidity

Incidence rate (per 100 000 population)

Prevalence (per 100 000 population)

3. Selected infectious diseases

Cholera

Diphtheria

Human African trypanosomiasis

Japanese encephalitis

Leishmaniasis

Leprosy

Malaria

Measles

Meningitis

Mumps

Pertussis

Poliomyelitis

Congenital rubella syndrome

Rubella

Neonatal tetanus

Total tetanus

Tuberculosis

Yellow fever

4. Health service coverage

Unmet need for family planning (%)

Contraceptive prevalence (%)

Antenatal care coverage (%)

Births attended by skilled health personnel (%)

Births by caesarean section (%)

Postnatal care visit within two days of childbirth (%)

Neonates protected at birth against neonatal tetanus (%)

Immunization coverage among 1-year-olds (%)

Children aged 6–59 months who received vitamin A supplementation (%)

Children aged < 5 years with ARI symptoms taken to a health facility (%)

Children aged < 5 years with suspected pneumonia receiving antibiotics (%)

Children aged < 5 years with diarrhoea receiving ORT (ORS and/or RHF) (%)

Children aged < 5 years sleeping under insecticide-treated nets (%)

Children aged < 5 years with fever who received treatment with any antimalarial (%)

Pregnant women with HIV receiving antiretrovirals to prevent MTCT (%)

Antiretroviral therapy coverage among people eligible for treatment (%)

Case-detection rate for all forms of tuberculosis (%)

Treatment-success rate for smear-positive tuberculosis (%)

5. Risk factors

Population using improved drinking-water sources (%)

Population using improved sanitation (%)

Population using solid fuels (%)

Preterm birth rate (per 100 live births)

Infants exclusively breastfed for the first 6 months of life (%)

Children aged < 5 years who are wasted (%)

Children aged < 5 years who are stunted (%)

Children aged < 5 years who are underweight (%)

Children aged < 5 years who are overweight (%)

Prevalence of raised fasting blood glucose among adults aged ? 25 years (%)

Prevalence of raised blood pressure among adults aged ? 25 years (%)

Adults aged ? 20 years who are obese (%)

Alcohol consumption among adults aged ? 15 years (litres of pure alcohol per person per year)

Prevalence of smoking any tobacco product among adults aged ? 15 years (%)

Prevalence of current tobacco use among adolescents aged 13–15 years (%)

Prevalence of condom use by adults aged 15–49 years during higher-risk sex (%)

Population aged 15–24 years with comprehensive correct knowledge of HIV/AIDS (%)

6. Health systems

Health workforce

Density of physicians per 10 000 population

Density of nursing and midwifery personnel per 10 000 population

Density of dentistry personnel per 10 000 population

Density of pharmaceutical personnel per 10 000 population

Density of psychiatrists per 10 000 population

Infrastructure and technologies

Hospitals (per 10 000 population)

Hospital beds (per 10 000 population)

Psychiatric beds (per 10 000 population)

Computed tomography units (per million population)

Radiotherapy units (per million population)

Mammography units (per million females aged 50–69 years)

Essential medicines

Median availability of selected generic medicines in public and private sectors (%)

Median consumer price ratio of selected generic medicines in public and private sectors

7. Health expenditure

Health expenditure ratios

Total expenditure on health as a percentage of gross domestic product

General government expenditure on health as a percentage of total expenditure on health

Private expenditure on health as a percentage of total expenditure on health

General government expenditure on health as a percentage of total government expenditure

External resources for health as a percentage of total expenditure on health

Social security expenditure on health as a percentage of general government expenditure on health

Out-of-pocket expenditure as a percentage of private expenditure on health

Private prepaid plans as a percentage of private expenditure on health

Per capita health expenditures

Per capita total expenditure on health at average exchange rate (US$)

Per capita total expenditure on health (PPP int. $)

Per capita government expenditure on health at average exchange rate (US$)

Per capita government expenditure on health (PPP int. $)

8. Health inequities

Contraceptive prevalence: modern methods (%)

Antenatal care coverage: at least four visits (%)

Births attended by skilled health personnel (%)

DTP3 immunization coverage among 1-year-olds (%)

Children aged < 5 years who are stunted (%)

Under-five mortality rate (probability of dying by age 5 per 1000 live births)

9. Demographic and socioeconomic statistics

Total population (000s)

Median age of population (years)

Population aged < 15 years (%)

Population aged > 60 years (%)

Annual population growth rate (%)

Population living in urban areas (%)

Civil registration coverage (%) of births and causes of death

Crude birth rate (per 1000 population)

Crude death rate (per 1000 population)

Total fertility rate (per woman)

Adolescent fertility rate (per 1000 girls aged 15–19 years)

Literacy rate among adults aged ? 15 years (%)

Net primary school enrolment rate (%)

Gross national income per capita (PPP int. $)

Population living on < $1 (PPP int. $) a day (%)

Cellular phone subscribers (per 100 population)

Annex 1. Regional and income groupings

WHO regional groupings

Income groupings