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Xueyuan Tian
CHINA'S POPULATION POLICIES 1949-2019
Springer Singapore, 2024, 224 pages
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https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-981-97-6552-2#overview
Показатели естественного движения населения
в период с 1949 по 1952 гг. (стр. 53)
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1949
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1950
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1951
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1952
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Общий коэффициент рождаемости (‰)
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36,00
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37,00
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37,80
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37,00
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Общий коэффициент смертности (‰)
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20,00
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18,00
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17,80
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17,00
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Коэффициент естественного прироста (‰)
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16,00
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19,00
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20,00
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20,00
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Суммарный коэффициент рождаемости
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5,80
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5,81
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5,70
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6,05
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Показатели рождаемости, смертности и прироста
в городских и сельских районах в отдельные годы (‰) (стр.
89)
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Город
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Село
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Коэффициент рождаемости
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Коэффициент смертности
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Коэффициент прироста
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Коэффициент рождаемости
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Коэффициент смертности
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Коэффициент прироста
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1955
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40,67
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9,30
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31,37
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31,74
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12,60
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19,14
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1959
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29,43
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10,92
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18,51
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23,78
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14,61
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9,17
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1963
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44,50
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7,13
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37,37
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43,19
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10,49
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32,70
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1964
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32,17
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7,27
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24,90
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40,27
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12,17
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28,10
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1971
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21,30
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5,35
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15,95
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31,86
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7,57
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24,29
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1975
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14,71
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5,39
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9,32
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24,17
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7,59
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16,58
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1980
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14,17
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5,48
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8,69
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18,82
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6,47
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12,35
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Возрастная структура населения Китая в
2000 г. (стр. 155)

Возрастная структура населения Китая в
2020 г. (стр. 155)
Соотношение полов в различных возрастных
группах по данным переписей населения 1982, 1990, 2000 и 2010
гг. (млн., %)
Возра-стные группы
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1982
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1990
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2000
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2010
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Муж-чины
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Же-нщины
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Соот-ношение
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Муж-чины
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Же-нщины
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Соот-ношение
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Муж-чины
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Же-нщины
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Соот-ношение
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Муж-чины
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Же-нщины
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Соот-ношение
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0
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10,79
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10,02
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107,6
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12,26
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10,97
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111,8
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7,46
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6,33
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117,8
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7,46
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6,32
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118,0
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0-19
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237,65
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224,97
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105,6
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224,52
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208,65
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107,6
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204,18
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183,38
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111,3
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171,70
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149,52
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114,8
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20-29
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85,63
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83,30
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102,8
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117,75
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112,28
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104,9
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108,17
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104,01
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104,0
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114,85
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113,58
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101,1
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30-49
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117,40
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105,62
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111,2
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147,47
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135,56
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108,8
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207,68
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195,54
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106,2
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227,30
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218,21
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104,2
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В книге представлен анализ истории демографической политики,
особенно политики в области рождаемости с момента основания Нового
Китая, с акцентом на поощрения рождения одного ребенка на пару,
включая предысторию введения политики, формулировку решения, прогнозирование
возможных проблем и выбор решения для их преодоления. В издании
обобщен базовый опыт Китая и международного сообщества в реализации
демографической политики и предлагается следовать по пути планирования
семьи с китайской спецификой и осуществлять совместимую с ним демографическую
политику.
Contents
1 A Survey of China's Population Policies
1.1 The Transition from Fertility Worship to the Concept of "the
More Sons, the More Happiness"
1.1.1 Fertility Worship
1.1.2 An Ethos of "the More Sons, the More Happiness"
1.2 The Proposition of Population Control
1.3 Population Policies Marked by Different Interventions
1.3.1 Direct-Intervention Policies
1.3.2 Policies Favoring the Birth of Boys
1.3.3 Policies Advocating Early Marriage and Early Birth
1.3.4 Policies Advocating Big Families
1.3.5 Policies Intervening into the Mechanics of Population Change
1.4 Policies for the Improvement of Population Quality
1.5 Policies of Indirect Intervention
1.5.1 Rehabilitation Policies
1.5.2 Land Policies
1.5.3 Tax Policies
1.5.4 A Population Culture of Far-Reaching Influence
1.5.5 The More Sons, the More Happiness
1.6 Veneration of Ancestors and the Practice of Filial Piety
1.6.1 Continuation of the Family Line
1.6.2 Reliance on Sons to Provide for One's Old Age
1.6.3 Superiority of Sons to Daughters
1.7 Studying to Become an Official
References
2 Warming up to Population Policy in the Course of Debates
2.1 Resurgence of the Sociological School's Population Restrictionism
2.1.1 Changing Viewpoints on Malthusian Population Theory
2.1.2 Developing a Doctrine of "Moderate Population Density"
2.1.3 Analyzing Reasons for Population Overgrowth
2.1.4 Proposing Birth Control Policies
2.2 Criticism of Ma Yinchu's New Population Theory
2.2.1 Ma Yinchu and New Population Theory
2.2.2 The Gist of New Population Theory
2.2.3 One Premise
2.2.4 Five Major Conflicts
2.2.5 Three Proposals
2.2.6 Two Rounds of Criticism Against New Population Theory
2.2.7 New Population Theory's Value and Influence
2.3 Pinpointing and Analyzing in a Relatively Accurate Way the
Nature of China's Population Problems
2.3.1 Directly Submitting Reports to the Central Committee of
the Party
2.3.2 Elaborating Basic Population Policy Reconciled Between Quantity
and Quality
2.3.3 Advocating Population Control and Family Planning and Offering
Specific Suggestions
2.4 Warming up to Population Policy in the Course of Debates
2.4.1 Population Changes Corresponding to Social Changes
2.4.2 The First Baby Boom in the First Five-Year Plan Period (1953-1957)
2.4.3 A Baby Bust in the "Great Leap Forward" Period
and Three Years of Economic Difficulties
2.4.4 The Second Baby Boom During Economic Readjustment and the
"Great Cultural Revolution"
2.4.5 Trending Toward Stringency Amidst Hesitations Over Population
Policy 57
References
3 The Years Before and After Introduction of the One-Child
Policy
3.1 Rectification of Population Theory
3.2 Clarifying the Nature of the Population Problem
3.3 The Origins of Advocating the One-Child Policy
3.3.1 The Population Symposiums Directed by the CPC Central Committee
References
4 Relative Stabilization and Revision of Population
Policies
4.1 Interpreting Revisions to the Goal of Controlling Population
by the Year 2000
4.1.1 The Goal of Controlling Population to Within 1.2 Billion
4.1.2 Revision of the Goals of Population Control
4.1.3 Interpreting the Goals of Population Control
4.2 Evolution of Basic National Policies on Population
4.3 Relative Stability and Revision of Population Policy
References
5 A Growing Need for Population Policy Adjustment
5.1 The Population's New Circumstances Following a Demographic
Transition
5.1.1 A Slowing of the Population Growth Rate
5.1.2 Calling for Improvements in Population Quality
5.1.3 Changes in the Population Structure
5.2 Policy Adjustments at the Appropriate Time
5.2.1 Western Cost-Benefit Theories on Raising Children
5.2.2 Applications of Cost-Benefit Theory
5.2.3 Timely Adjustment of Population Policy
5.3 The "Three-Step" Population Strategy
References
6 Population Policy and Sustainable Development
6.1 Putting into Practice a Sustainable Development Strategy
6.1.1 Early Thinking on Sustainable Development
6.1.2 The Proposition and Promotion of Sustainable Development
6.2 Population and the System of Sustainable Development Strategy
6.2.1 The Essentials of People-Oriented Sustainable Development
6.2.2 A Theoretical Framework for Sustainable Development
6.3 Following the Path of Family Planning with Chinese Characteristics
6.3.1 Chinese Population Policy at the Crossroads
References
Appendix A: Translations of Chinese Terms
Appendix B: Translations of Major Chinese Books and Reports
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